WHOs constitution was ratified on April 7, 1948, marking its official establishment. WHO uses these data to inform disease prevention guidelines, such as vaccination standards. WHOs research extends beyond personal health concerns to encompass issues that impact community health. Getty Images For example, WHOs research led to recommendations related to clean air and water standards in 2018. Who is in Charge? WHOs structure includes an executive board comprised of 34 technically qualified representatives from the various Member States....

Therapeutic plasma exchange is also called plasmapheresis and apheresis. Plasma exchange therapy is used to treat several neurological diseases, includingmultiple sclerosis (MS). Therapeutic plasma exchange is a fairly painless procedure. Verywell / Emily Roberts This article covers exactly what therapeutic plasma exchange entails. The goal of plasma exchange therapy is to remove harmful substances that are circulating in your plasma. In the case of MS, these are thought to be antibodies against the protein that makes upmyelin....

Thirdhand smoke is thenicotineand other chemicals from cigarettes that remain on surfaces well after someone has smoked. Some of these chemicals can also mix with commonindoor pollutantsto create toxins harmful to smokers and non-smokers alike. Infants and small children are especially vulnerable to thirdhand smoke due to hand-to-mouth behaviors. Megumi Kurosaki / EyeEm / Getty Images That is why researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston coined the termthirdhand smokein 2009....

This is a dangerous condition that can affect multiple organs, causing organ damage and even death. As such, it requires immediate treatment. It also explains how thromboembolism is diagnosed and the different options used to treat blockages in arteries and veins. Science Photo Library / Getty Images Types of Blockages There are two main categories of thromboembolismvenous and arterial. As their names suggest, they are differentiated by the types of blood vessels they affect....

Many other symptoms can occur as well. When the enzyme is too low, the blood clots too much. In TTP, there isnt enough of the enzyme, either due to inherited or acquired causes. Getty Images Without enough of this enzyme, excessive clotting of the blood can occur. This blocks the function of the enzyme and keeps it from working properly. A review of medications will also be done. Treatment Plasma Exchange A treatment called plasma exchange is typically needed to treat TTP....

Thrush on the penis is a bang out ofyeast infection, similar to avaginal yeast infection. Symptoms include itching, redness, whitish patches, and bleeding. Antifungal drugs are commonly prescribed to treat the infection. Westend61 / Getty Images This article discussesmale yeast infections, their symptoms, and their causes. It also looks at some of the ways penilethrushcan be treated. Westend61 / Getty Images What Are The Symptoms of Thrush on a Penis? Penile thrush is not uncommon, especially in people who are uncircumcised....

Thethyroidis a butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the base of the neck. It is part of theendocrine systemand releases hormones that affect metabolism, brain development, and bone maintenance. This article discusses types ofthyroid disease, their associated symptoms, and what treatment options are available. OsakaWayne Studios / Getty Images Types of thyroid disease include: Is Thyroid Disease Curable? Certain thyroid diseases can be cured, such as thyroid cancer. The symptoms of thyroid disease may also mimicmenopause....

Thyroid eye disease sometimes develops in people withthyroid disease, especially Graves’hyperthyroidism(overactive thyroid). With this condition, your immune system attacks and damages the muscles and other tissues around the eyes. Thyroid eye disease symptoms can include redness and a dry, itchy, or gritty sensation in the eyes. Verywell / Emily Roberts As the condition progresses, inflammation can cause difficulty moving or closing the eyes. This article explains the symptoms of thyroid eye disease and who may be most at risk....

Tinea unguiumis a fungalnail infectionthat most commonly affects the toenails. The condition impacts up to 14% of the population. This article explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea unguium. Manuel Faba Ortega/ Getty Images Causes A fungus causes tinea unguium infections. Children are the least affected, with 0.6% of kids under 18 having tinea unguium. Diagnosis Healthcare providers can usually diagnose nail fungus by looking at your nail....

Rather, in many cases, tinnitus is a consequence of hearing loss. Sometimes the noise occurs as a result of a muscle spasm within the middle ear. Diagnosis A careful medical history and physical examination are the primary tools used to diagnose tinnitus. Verywell / Gary Ferster Some of these tests include: Treatment Tinnitus may be managed through a variety of techniques. Correcting Hearing Loss Fixing hearing loss with hearing aids may ease or correct tinnitus....

In some cases, TMJ headache can be amigraine trigger, and the two conditions are closely associated. How TMJ headache is managed will depend on its cause. Symptoms range fromtension headachestomigraine attacks. JohnnyGreig / Getty Images This can then trigger activity of surrounding nerves, leading to a widespread headache. These vary from lifestyle changes to over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications to surgery and other treatments. Lifestyle Modifications Certain changes and adjustments to everyday habits can help ease or prevent TMJ headaches....

However, while infections tend to worsen quickly and then resolve, cancer symptoms generally linger or slowly worsen. The HPV Connection The incidence of head and neck cancers has been increasing. The CDC estimates that 70% of cases of head and neck cancers are brought on by HPV. Verywell / JR Bee It is believed that the virus is usually transmitted through unprotected oral sex. HPV-positive malignancies are much more responsive to treatment than otherhead and neck cancers....

Its usually triggered by taking certain medications, but infection can occasionally cause this reaction. TEN is a severe form ofStevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS). This article will review toxic epidermal necrolysis, its causes, symptoms, and how its treated. Raimo Suhonen / DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing. Raimo Suhonen / DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND What Causes Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis? This causes severe inflammation, blistering, and tissue death....