Mismatched pressures can cause discomfort, loss of hearing, or injury (a ruptured eardrum).
For example, when you take off in an airplane or come up too quickly while scuba diving.
The external and middle ear are separated by a thin piece of tissue called the tympanic membrane.
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The Eustachian tube regulates the pressure inside of the middle ear.
Barotrauma pops up if there is a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube (also called auditory tube dysfunction).
Untreated chronic allergies are another common cause of Eustachian tube dysfunction.
In these cases, congestion and inflammation prevent the Eustachian tube from opening and closing properly.
The biggest symptom of sinus barotrauma is a severe headache or pain behind the eyes.
Less commonly barotrauma can occur in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
If your healthcare provider suspects barotrauma, they will perform an ear exam.
Treatment
Damage to the tympanic membrane and other structures of the ear require time to heal.
Medications such as analgesics ordecongestantscan be given to treat pain and discomfort.
In rare cases, surgery may be required to repair damaged structures of the ear.
Prevention
Planning for pressure changes is the best way to prevent barotrauma from occurring.
When flying, it is helpful for adults to eat, chew gum or suck on candy.
This ensures that frequent swallowing occurs.
Infants and toddlers should suck on a pacifier, bottle or sippy cup.
Special earplugs have been designed to help prevent barotrauma while flying.
They are available over the counter and in many airports.
Unfortunately, these earplugs cannot be used while diving.
Prevention is the best treatment for barotrauma.
Vertigo andhearing lossare symptoms that should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately.
