Nipples that point inward or lie flat against theareolaare called inverted or retracted nipples.
Inverted nipples affect women and men and are eithercongenital(present at birth) or acquired.
Although inverted nipples are usually harmless, they can be related to serious health conditions in some cases.
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This article discusses the symptoms, causes, and treatment for inverted nipples.
Jelena Stanojkovic / Getty Images
What Are Inverted Nipples?
Most nipples protrude outward from the breast.
Inverted nipples are “tucked” inward or appear flush with the areola instead of protruding outward.
New or sudden nipple inversion can occur with infection, breast injury, or invasive and noninvasive cancers.
Born With Inverted Nipples
Most people with inverted nipples are born with them (congenital).
Because milk ducts shorten during peri-menopause and menopause, this may cause the nipples to retract into your body.
Breastfeeding
Pregnancy and breastfeeding can be a cause of nipple inversion.
Your nipples may flatten as your breasts fill with milk during and after pregnancy.
The condition usually resolves once breastfeeding has ended.
Conditions like an abscess,mammary duct ectasia, andmastitiscan block milk ducts.
Nipple inversion usually develops suddenly and may coincide with other breast changes.
Abcess Under the Areola
Asubareolarnipple abscessis a pocket of pus that develops beneath the nipple or areola.
An abscess forms when bacteria enter the skin and cause inflammation and swelling.
An abscess may cause a lump, pain, and/or produce drainage.
Is It Normal to Have Inverted Nipples?
Healthy nipples present in a variety of sizes or shapes.
How to Treat Inverted Nipples
Treatment for inverted nipples depends on the cause of the condition.
If the inversion is congenital, surgical approaches are available to improve the appearance and function of the nipples.
The most effective procedure depends on your unique situation.
Inverted nipple repairis performed under local anesthesia.
A small incision is made underneath the lower end of the nipple to lift surrounding tissue.
Nipple Eversion Devices
Nipple eversion devices are designed to promote nipple protrusion.
Piercings
Nipple piercing is intended to help inverted nipples to protrude more.
The jewelry worn in the piercing functions to keep the nipple erect.
Complications and Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing inverted nipples are family history and aging.
Are There Tests to Diagnose the Cause of Inverted Nipples?
Your healthcare provider can use a variety of tests to diagnose the cause of inverted nipples.
Although usually harmless, inverted nipples can lead to functional, psychological, and aesthetic consequences.
There are surgical procedures that can improve inverted nipples.
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