People withsickle cell diseaseare immunocompromised, which means they have an increased risk of infection.
For this reason, immunizations are an important part of complete sickle cell care.
This article looks at the importance of immunizations for people with sickle cell disease.
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One of the first organs affected is the spleen.
The spleen is a small organ on the left side of the abdomen underneath the ribcage.
The spleen filters the blood and removes old, damaged red blood cells.
The spleen is also an important part of the immune system.
It has two immune functions.
It also produces lymphocytes, white blood cells that help make antibodies to infections or in response to immunizations.
People with sickle cell disease have sickle-shaped blood cells.
These cells can stick together and pool in the spleen, which damages it.
The damage occurs repeatedly and spleen function is lost before the age of 5.
This loss of function significantly increases the risk of infection.
Potentially Harmful Bacteria
People with sickle cell disease are at higher risk of developing serious bacterial illnesses.
Sickle cell disease also raises the risk ofbacteremia, a bacterial infection of the blood.
Bacteria that can cause these infections include:
In addition,influenzais a virus that causes respiratory infections.
Influenza infection can also trigger lung complications like acute chest syndrome.
Recommended Immunizations
Immunization can help protect people with sickle cell from developing serious infections.
Children with sickle cell should receive all recommended childhood vaccines as well as an annual flu shot.
Adults should confirm their vaccinations are up to date.
Those who get PCV15 should get one dose of PPSV23 at least one year later.
Two vaccines are required.
Boosters are then needed throughout life.
The second vaccine, called Bexero or Trumemba, protects against meningococcus punch in B.
It is given as a two- or three-dose series starting at age 10.Other vaccines include Penbraya and Penmenvy.
This immunization is called Hib and can be given in combination with other immunizations.
It is recommended at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age.
Afterward, only one dose is required each year.
Because the vaccine changes, it must be given annually.
Flu season runs from about October to March.
Summary
People with sickle cell disease are at higher risk for infection.
Immunization can help protect children and adults from developing serious infections.
The CDC recommends all people with sickle cell disease receive recommended vaccines.
Some vaccines should be given on a different schedule.
Healthcare providers also give penicillin to children with sickle cell disease from birth to age 5.
This can help preventbacterial infections, too.
If you have questions or concerns about these immunizations, hey discuss them with your healthcare provider.
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