Hyperandrogenismis a hormonal disturbance associated with high levels of androgens in the body.
Androgens are sex hormones, with the most relevant one beingtestosterone.
This article will review what hyperandrogenism is, its potential causes, accompanying symptoms, and treatment.
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What Causes Hyperandrogenism?
Thetesticlesandovariesmake androgens, with the testicles typically producing much more than the ovaries.
This is a reason why they have been referred to as “male” hormones in the past.
For example, the pituitary gland releasesadrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH), which controls adrenal gland androgen production.
Hyperandrogenism has several causes.
While not a complete list, potential causes include:
Is Hyperandrogenism the Same as PCOS?
Hyperandrogenism describes a state of androgen excess in the body, whereas PCOS is a medical condition.
Who Does Hyperandrogenism Affect?
Depending on the underlying cause, hyperandrogenism can affect both children and adults.
They usually begin around puberty but can also develop in early adulthood.
In addition to the above symptoms, many people with PCOS are overweight or have obesity.
They are also vulnerable to developingtype 2 diabetes,fatty liver, and mood disorders like anxiety anddepression.
It also usually affects adults, although it can develop in children.
Males may also have acne.
Females with classic CAH are usually diagnosed at birth due to ambiguous genitalia.
Non-classic CAH is a milder form of the disease and usually becomes evident in later childhood or adolescence.
Androgen-Producing Tumor Symptoms
Androgen-producing tumorsof the adrenal gland, ovary, or testicleare infrequent causes of hyperandrogenism.
They can develop in children or adults.They may occur due to an ovarian tumor in postmenopausal people.
Symptoms of androgen-producing adrenal and ovarian tumors tend to be severe and manifest rapidly.
In young children (before puberty), symptoms may include an enlarged clitoris or enlarged penis.
Excessive and early hair growth in the pubic area and underarms may also be present.
Very rarely, a person with atesticular tumormay develop signs and symptoms of excess androgen.
They will also inquire about medications/supplements and obtain a family history of hormone conditions.
ManagingPCOScan be particularly complex, requiring an individualized approach.
If a medication is the hyperandrogenism culprit, stopping it under the guidance of a healthcare provider is advised.
Summary
Hyperandrogenism is a phenomenon of excess androgen sex hormones in the body.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication like birth control pills to regulate menstrual cycles.
Lifestyle and cosmetic strategies like weight loss and hair removal are also often implemented.
Surgery is performed for rarer causes like androgen-producing tumors.
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