Vitamin D serves multiple important functions in the immune system.
Why Does Vitamin D Deficiency Exist?
The reasons for widespread vitamin D deficiencies in various populations are not completely understood.

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Diet may be another explanation for the deficiency.
Aranow C.Vitamin D and the immune system.J Investig Med.
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Stokes CS, Lammert F.Vitamin D supplementation: less controversy, more guidance needed.F1000Res.
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National Institutes of Health.
Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin D fact sheet for health professionals.