An Overview of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)

Remissions after a relapse aren’t complete and symptoms continue. However, since the development of disease-modifying therapies, the progression to secondary MS has become less frequently noted. This could be an indication that you’re moving into SPMS. Verywell / JR Bee Some people may worry that they’re entering the progressive phase of MS because they stop having relapses. Additionally, you no longer respond as well toSolu-Medrolduring these relapses. These areas strongly correlate with disability....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 425 words · Daniel Salas

An Overview of Seizure Phases

Learn to recognize them Seizure phases include the aural stage, the ictal stage, and the postictal stage. Most people are aware of their own symptoms during a seizure aura. You may or may not have an aura prior to your seizures. Grace Cary / Getty Images Most people who have a pre-seizure aura experience the same bang out of aura every time. Transient involuntary movements, like the brief muscle twitches ofmyoclonic seizures, can occur....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 409 words · Kevin Johnson

An Overview of Sheehan's Syndrome

This leads to symptoms of hypopituitarism, where the pituitary gland doesn’t make enough hormones. This can affect milk production, reproduction, and the regulation of metabolism. This article discusses what causes Sheehan’s syndrome and the symptoms you may experience. Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee It also covers how Sheehan’s syndrome is diagnosed and treated. What Are the Symptoms of Sheehan’s Syndrome? Also, its symptoms usually manifest gradually and over a period of time....

April 18, 2025 · 1 min · 192 words · Paul Jackson

An Overview of Shin Splints

Treatment is conservative and involves rest followed by activity modification. Ice, taking an anti-inflammatory medication, and physical therapy may also be helpful. This article describes the symptoms and causes of shin splints. Verywell / Jessica Olah It also explains how shin splints are diagnosed and what can be done to manage and prevent the condition. What Causes Shin Splints? How Do Shin Splints Feel? This pain is usually felt during and after physical activity....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 230 words · Jason Zamora

An Overview of Sickle Cell Disease

Complications of the illness can result in vision problems and strokes. The diagnosis is typically made with infant screening blood tests. This condition can also cause chronic problems, such as impaired childhood development and persistent fatigue. Stocktrek Images / Getty Images With sickle cell disease, serious health effects can occur due to blood clots and/or low oxygen. Any of these life-threatening effects of sickle cell disease can occur anytime during childhood or adulthood....

April 18, 2025 · 3 min · 428 words · Derek Page

An Overview of Subareolar Nipple Abscess

An Infection Under the Nipple Asubareolarnippleabscessis a pus-filled sore found on the breast below the nipple or areola. Theareolais the ring of darker (pigmented) skin that circles the nipple. A subareolar nipple abscess maycause pain, a small tender lump, and drainage of pus. Verywell / Emily Roberts While more common among younger or middle-aged women who are not breastfeeding, they can also form in men. This article discusses the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of subareolar nipple abscesses....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 325 words · Jason Brown

An Overview of Swallowed Foreign Objects

Accidentally swallowing glass, metal, plastic, or another foreign object is not unusual, especially for children. In some cases, the object can pass through the body without causing any problems. This includes swallowed objects that are not food as well as oral medications like pills. Nazar Abbas Photography / Getty Images The object is moved with rhymic muscular contractions calledperistalsis. Along the route are six muscular valves calledsphinctersthat the foreign object will need to pass through....

April 18, 2025 · 3 min · 509 words · Bryan Simmons

An Overview of Testosterone Replacement Therapy

There can be a lot of confusion when it comes to hormone therapy. For example, withtestosterone replacement therapy, there are a lot of important questions to answer. When is it necessary? Matt Dutile / Image Source / Getty Images What are the risks, and perhaps more importantly, can the benefits outweigh the potential side effects? There are a variety of reasons why testosterone replacement therapy might be implemented on a patient....

April 18, 2025 · 3 min · 523 words · Tina Moore

An Overview of the AstraZeneca-Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine

While some vaccine makers used newer approaches to fight COVID-19, others turned to more established methods. The vaccine is a viral vector vaccine. This means it uses a modifiedadenovirusa virus that causes the common coldto deliver genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. zoranm / Getty Images Scientists were able to develop the vaccine quickly since this vaccine technology has been around for decades. Oxford had been studying adenovirus-based vaccines for several other diseases like the Zika virus when COVID-19 emerged....

April 18, 2025 · 4 min · 650 words · Charles Day

An Overview of the Gluten-Free Diet

It can also find its way into some foods that should be considered safe. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Why Eat Gluten-Free? Celiac disease symptoms happen when you are exposed to gluten. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin This causes the immune system to attack the small intestine. It’s important to get a formalceliac diagnosisif you have concerns. Healthcare providers recommend that peoplenotstart eating gluten-free before being tested for celiac disease. That’s because you oughta be consuming gluten forceliac disease testingto be accurate....

April 18, 2025 · 3 min · 613 words · Melanie Wong

An Overview of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine

The FDA then revoked the vaccine’s EUA in June after the manufacturer requested its voluntary withdrawal. The company enrolled participants for its late-stage in September 2020 and tested its vaccine with two different doses. How It Works Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine is a single-dose adenovirus-based vaccine. Images By Tang Ming Tung / Getty Images Recombinant vaccines use a small piece of genetic material from the virus to trigger an immune response....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 337 words · Kristen White

An Overview of the Link Between Mental Health and Sleep Disorders

In fact, sleep problems impact 50% to 80% of patients receiving mental health treatment. What Are Sleep Disorders? Sleep disordersare conditions that cause you to not get enough sleep, known as sleep deprivation. Verywell / Theresa Chiechi People with mental health problems are more likely to have sleep disorders. These include: There are also some factors that can contribute to sleep problems. These are: Signs and Symptoms There are many types of sleep disorders....

April 18, 2025 · 4 min · 640 words · Sean Mcbride

An Overview of the ParaGard Copper IUD

It’s made of flexible plastic that’s wrapped in copper. The ParaGard IUD must beinsertedby a qualified healthcare provider (such as an ob-gyn or nurse practitioner). It is hormone free, so it does not alter a womans natural menstrual cycle. Peter Dazeley / Getty Images ParaGuard protects against pregnancy immediately after insertion. The copper in the ParaGard IUD does not increase the overall level of copper already present in your body....

April 18, 2025 · 2 min · 242 words · David Anderson