This article will discuss the anatomy and main function of the epididymis.
You’ll also learn about conditions that are related to this tubular structure.
Caia Image / Getty Images
Anatomy
The epididymis is a coiled tube in three sections.
Caia Image / Getty Images
It sits inside the scrotum, attached to the testes.
During their time moving through the epididymis, sperm mature and gain additional function.
In particular, they gain the ability to propel themselves forward.
The structure of the epididymis changes along the path from the testes to the vas deferens.
A significant number of individuals with cryptorchidism also have abnormalities of the epididymis.
Regardless of the cause, in general, there are four types of congenital anomalies seen in the epididymis.
Function
The primary functions of the epididymis are sperm transport and sperm maturation.
The epididymis serves this function across many mammalian species.
Associated Conditions
There are several acquired health conditions that can affect the epididymis.
Epididymitis
Epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis, is probably the most common.
Older people may also experience epididymitis related to urinary tract infections or due to conditions that cause chronic inflammation.
Infertility Issues
Certain types of infertility may also be related to the health of the epididymis.
In particular, obstructive infertility shows up when there is a blockage that prevents the passage of sperm.
This blockage may be partial, in which case some sperm may get through, or complete.
Not all obstructive infertility is the result of blockages in the epididymis, but many cases are.
Obstructions in the epididymis can be the result of scarring from infection, congenital abnormalities, or injuries.
Other problems with the epididymissuch as attachment issues and agenesiscan also affect fertility.
At other times, sperm can be harvested from before the blockage and used for assisted reproduction.
In some, but not all, individuals, the process may be reversible.
If needed, the following tests are generally used:
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