Under the older definition, people with undifferentiated schizophrenia exhibit symptoms of more than one key in of schizophrenia.
In earlier editions of the DSM, schizophrenia was divided into five subtypes.
Both subtypes were problematic as they could lead to misdiagnoses and inappropriate treatment.
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Moreover, the symptoms may not occur all at the same time and can change over time.
The formal name was changed to schizophrenia spectrum disorder in 2013 to reflect this.
Specifiers can direct which drugs or therapies are most appropriate.
Identifying and classifying the symptoms requires the expertise of a psychiatrist or other certified mental health professional.
They are trained to classify and characterize symptoms under a strict set of criteria based on observation and interviews.
Other tests may be ordered to rule out somatic (physical) causes of your symptoms.
What Causes Schizophrenia?
Genetics
Schizophrenia appears to run in families.
Having schizophrenia in the family does not mean a person will develop schizophrenia, but it increases the risk.
The highest risk is associated with identical twins.
It is likely that multiple genes are involved in the development of schizophrenia.
Environment
It is believed that the interaction between genetics and environmental factors influences the development of schizophrenia.
Brain Physiology
Differences in brain structure and function are believed to play a part in schizophrenia.
For example:
These brain differences may begin before birth.
Specifiers can further direct which treatments are the most useful and which are the least.
Available treatment options are outlined below.
Medication
Medication, particularly antipsychotics, is the most common treatment for schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic medications can be taken in pill or liquid form, or by injection.
Always consult your healthcare provider before stopping your medication or changing your medication plan.
These programs can be done individually, as a family, or as a group with other families.
Substance Use Treatment
Excessive substance use can make schizophrenia symptoms worse.
Up to 50% of people with schizophrenia have substance use disorders.
Substance use treatment is often a part of the treatment program for schizophrenia.
Coping
Schizophrenia is a life-long condition, so finding coping strategies is important.
Today, there is only one category of schizophrenia.
It affects approximately 1 in 300 people worldwide.
Although schizophrenia is a life-long condition, it can often be effectively managed with treatment.
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