A virus is a small piece of genetic material that looks for a host to live inside and multiply.

This is known as viral shedding.

The virus typically exits the host by the same means it entered.

Young African-American woman feeling sick at home. Lying in bed, drinking tea and medicine. Watching movie on laptop. Daytime.

svetikd / Getty Images

Viruses can be spread through either direct or indirect transmission:

Bacterial or Viral Infection?

Bacteria work differently than viruses.

They can live on their own, meaning they don’t require a host to survive.

Oftentimes viral infections can lead tobacterial infectionsif symptoms persist or worsen.

The following are some examples of common viral infections.

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections cause diseases like thecommon cold, the flu, bronchitis, andCOVID-19.

Common respiratory infections include:

Rash-Causing Infections

Viral infections that cause symptoms like rashes or bumps.

Another method for diagnosing a viral illness is by performing an antibody test.

These are blood tests that look for an active or past infection of a virus.

Detection ofantibodiesin the blood can indicate immunity against the virus.

How Do You Treat Viral Infections?

Treatments for viral respiratory infections, such as the common cold, are few and far between.

Preventing viruses from occurring in the first place is the best way to stay healthy.

Most of the time viral infections run their course.

The best way to avoid viral infections is to practice good hygiene and get the available vaccines.

Some can be as mild as the common cold, while others can be life-threatening.

Drexler M, Medicine (US) I of.How Infection Works.National Academies Press (US); 2010.

Virus Transmission and Epidemiology.Essential Human Virology.

2016;71-92. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800947-5.00005-3

Boncristiani HF, Criado MF, Arruda E. Respiratory Viruses.Encyclopedia of Microbiology.

2009;500-518. doi:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00314-X

World Health Organization.Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Children’s National Hospital.Viral exanthems (rashes).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About norovirus.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Issues.What is viral hepatitis?

Chi-Chung Cheng V, Fuk-Woo Chan J, FN Hung I, Yuen KY.

Viral infections, an overview with a focus on prevention of transmission.Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.

  1. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.90174-0

MedlinePlus.Vaccines - immunizations.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diseases that vaccines prevent.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Getting your COVID-19 vaccine.

Harvard Health Publishing.How to prevent infections.

2021;385(25):e90.