The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists reminds sexually active teens that a dual approach is best.
That means choosing options that can protect you against unwanted pregnancy andsexually transmitted infections(STIs).
This article discusses birth control options for teens, including their benefits, risks, and side effects.
Verywell / Theresa Chiechi
The Pill
Birth control pills provide hormones that you take by mouth.
They are used daily to prevent pregnancy by stopping the ovaries from releasing an egg.
There are two types of pills available: those containing both estrogen and progestin and those containing only progestin.
The minipillonly contains progestin and is rarely prescribed for teens.
These are 91% effective at preventing pregnancy when taken daily.
Opill is the first and only birth control pill available without a prescription.
There are both external and internal versions of condoms.
Anexternal condomis inserted onto an erect penis, covering the penis head and shaft.
It prevents sperm from entering the vagina, collecting it in the condom’s tip instead.
Theinternal condomis a plastic tube with flexible rings at each end.
One end of the tube is closed to create a barrier.
It is inserted into the vagina prior to having sex and can be used during menstruation.
All types of condoms can be purchased over the counter at drugstores and grocery stores.
With any condom, it’s important to use only water-based or silicone-based personal lubricants.
How Effective Are Condoms?
Latex external condoms offer the best protection against STIs, though they are not 100% effective.
External condoms are 82% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Internal condoms are 79% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Short-Acting Hormonal Methods
Birth control pills are one throw in of short-acting hormonal birth control.
When filled with spermicide, it can help kill or slow the movement of sperm.
It is round, with a rigid rim, and covers a larger space than the cap.
Diaphragms require apelvic examto be fitted.
If you lose or gain 10 to 15 pounds, you may need to be refitted.
Because teens are still growing, this may not be the best option.
Around 12% of diaphragm users get pregnant each year, making it 88% effective.
Diaphragms may not protect against some STIs.
What Is Spermicide?
Spermicideis a chemical, usually nonoxynol-9, that kills off sperm or prevents them from “swimming.”
It is available in foam and cream forms.
Some condoms also come with spermicide already on them.
The Cervical Cap
This thimble-shaped cap is usually made of silicone and fits over the cervix.
To be fitted for acervical cap, you must visit a healthcare provider for a pelvic exam.
It’s important to keep it in for at least eight hours after intercourse.
About 21% of people get pregnant each year while using cervical caps, making them 79% effective.
The sponge can be purchased over the counter without the need for a pelvic exam or fitting.
The sponge is 68% effective for users who have given birth before.
For users who have never had children, it is 84% to 91% effective.
Plan B
Also called the morning-after pill, Plan B is an emergency contraceptive.
It is not an abortion pill and doesnt prevent sexually transmitted infections.
Plan B is available over the counter in pharmacies and drugstores.
you’re able to buy it at any age and do not need to show your ID.
Is There a “Right” Age to Start Birth Control?
Choosing to have sex is a personal decision and there is no “right” age.
What is important is to choose a method that works best for your situation.
Is a Pelvic Exam Required?
However you should visit you provider each year certain STI screening is recommended each year for sexually active teens.
However, a pelvic exam is recommend each year for sexually active women.
Does the Birth Control Method Require Consent?
If you’re a minor, some methods of birth control may require consent from a guardian.
Can I Change Birth Control Methods?
Yes, many people change birth control methods as their needs change.
Talk to your healthcare provider about side effects before choosing a method.
Polyurethane options are a good alternative.
Natural and lambskin condoms do not prevent STIs because they are not a complete barrier method.
They have tiny holes that can allow bacteria and viruses through.
There is a highly effectiveHPV vaccinethat can reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
It is recommended for all preteens at ages 1112.
When to Speak to a Healthcare Provider
A sexual relationship carries risks of pregnancy and STIs.
If possible, it’s helpful to speak with a healthcare provider prior to becoming sexually active.
Exploring birth control options that take into account your medical history and medical needs can be helpful.
Not all teenagers will be comfortable speaking with their parents about birth control.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.Can contraception reduce the risk of getting an infection?
Committee on Adolescent Health Care.Committee Opinion No 699: Adolescent Pregnancy, Contraception, and Sexual Activity.Obstet Gynecol.
2017 May;129(5):e142-e149.
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002045
American Academy of Pediatrics.Contraception explained: birth control options for teens & adolescents.
Nemours TeensHealth.Birth control (contraceptive) pill.
Cleveland Clinic.Birth control options.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HPV vaccination.
